Oregon's only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. At 11,249 feet (3,429 m), Mount Hood, a stratovolcano, is the state's highest point. Oregon is also one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S., marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands. The Portland metropolitan area is the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,512,859. Portland, with 652,503, ranks as the 26th among U.S. The capital, Salem, is the second-most populous city in Oregon, with 177,723 residents. Today, with 4.2 million people over 98,000 square miles (250,000 km 2), Oregon is the ninth largest and 27th most populous U.S. In 1843, an autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country, and the Oregon Territory was created in 1848. The Lewis and Clark Expedition traversed Oregon in the early 1800s, and the first permanent European settlements in Oregon were established by fur trappers and traders. In 1592, Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as the strait now bearing his name.
As early as 1564, the Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early to mid-16th century. Oregon has been home to many indigenous nations for thousands of years.
The western boundary is formed by the Pacific Ocean.
The 42° north parallel delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon is a part of the Western United States, with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. Oregon ( / ˈ ɒr ɪ ɡ ən/ ( listen)) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
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